What is a flow sensor?
A flow sensor (often known as a “flow meter“) is an digital device element used to measure or regulate the flow fee of gases and liquids in pipes and ducts. Flow sensors are usually connected to meters for measurement, however they can also be connected to computer systems and digital interfaces. They are commonly used in HVAC systems, medical tools, chemical vegetation and water therapy systems. Flow sensors can detect leaks, blockages, pipe bursts, and changes in fluid concentration because of contamination or pollution.
Types of move sensors
Differential pressure flow sensor
The velocity of a fluid is directly related to the strain of the fluid, as shown in Bernoulli’s equation.
dp=(density*velocity^2)/2
A differential strain move sensor calculates the stress of a fluid. The sensor measures the strain at two totally different velocities, while maintaining the fluid density. In most differential strain move sensors, a single stress sensing node (such as a Pitot tube) is positioned on the fringe of the fluid flow path. A change in nozzle or orifice diameter accelerates the fluid and measures it again at a better velocity. Once the sensor has determined the pressure difference, we are ready to use Bernoulli’s equation to find the fluid velocity. Finally, we will use that fluid velocity to determine the whole flow price through the pipe.
This process requires controlling several variables to precisely calculate the speed of the fluid. Therefore, differential strain based mostly move sensors are usually components that “interrupt” the pipeline rather than adapt to the existing pipeline. Several several varieties of sensors use differential pressure methods, similar to
Venturi tube
Rotor move meters
Orifice plates
Pitot tube arrays
All of those sensors can be found with various levels of accuracy and system stress loss. Due to their performance and versatility, differential strain flow sensors are the preferred kind of circulate sensor.
Thermal mass circulate sensors
Typically utilized in gaseous, low-flow, high-precision functions, corresponding to semiconductor manufacturing, thermal mass circulate sensors use the thermal properties of a fluid to measure the move via a system. Thermal mass move systems have one of two basic configurations, however each rely on the tendency of the fluid to soak up thermal power and measure the power in the fluid. The following is a quick information to these two configurations.
Method 1: The heating element and the warmth sensing element work together to measure the power absorbed by the fluid because it flows by way of the heating component and the warmth sensor. First, the fluid absorbs vitality from the heating component. Next, the sensor measures the fluid to determine how much power it has absorbed.
Method 2: A single heating component works to maintain the temperature at a fixed level. As เกจวัดแรงดัน absorbs vitality, it cools the heating factor, which requires extra power within the system to take care of the temperature. We calculate the mass flow rate by figuring out the quantity of power used by the heating element to hold up itself at a relentless temperature.
In each methods, the speed of the fluid is directly related to how much vitality it can take in. The slower the fluid flows, the longer it takes for energy to be transferred from the heating factor to the fluid. The sooner it flows, the much less time it takes to be absorbed by the fluid. A key part of thermal mass flow sensors is that they should be calibrated for the specific fluid within the thermal mass move system. Thermal mass flow sensors are fine-tuned to help different ranges of gasoline purity, corresponding to pharmaceutical grade nitrogen versus industrial manufacturing grade nitrogen. When correctly calibrated, these sensors may be extremely correct and reliable, which is why they’re so popular in manufacturing environments.
Contact flow sensors
Eddy present sensors and mechanical flow sensors are the widespread contact flow sensors are. An eddy current sensor consists of a small latch (called a “buffer”) that bends forwards and backwards when in contact with a flowing liquid or fuel. The pressure difference (i.e., eddy current) created by the latch is measured to determine the circulate fee. Mechanical circulate sensors use a propeller that rotates at a velocity proportional to the circulate rate. Mechanical move sensors may additionally be controlled to extend or decrease the move price.
Non-contact flow sensors
Ultrasonic flow sensors are the most popular non-contact move sensors. Ultrasonic move sensors send high frequency sound pulses by way of a flowing liquid or gaseous medium. These sensors measure the time between the sound emission and its contact with the sensor receiver to determine the move price of the fuel or liquid.
Flow sensor applications
There are quite a lot of circulate sensors out there to satisfy niche needs and functions. The commonest parameters that have an effect on the sort of flow sensor you need are
Volume vary of the circulate sensor
Material
Pressure
Required accuracy
Flow sensors are the right device to assist you perceive and management the mechanical or chemical subsystems in your application. Contact Apure to study extra about technology and product functions.
Extended studying:
Useful information about circulate units
Relation between move and pressure
Ultrasonic flow meter working precept
Select the proper water circulate meter
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What is a move sensor?
A circulate sensor (often known as a “flow meter“) is an electronic system element used to measure or regulate the flow price of gases and liquids in pipes and ducts. Flow sensors are usually connected to meters for measurement, however they may additionally be connected to computer systems and digital interfaces. They are commonly used in HVAC techniques, medical equipment, chemical crops and water remedy techniques. Flow sensors can detect leaks, blockages, pipe bursts, and changes in fluid concentration as a outcome of contamination or pollution.
Types of circulate sensors
Differential pressure flow sensor
The velocity of a fluid is directly associated to the stress of the fluid, as proven in Bernoulli’s equation.
dp=(density*velocity^2)/2
A differential stress circulate sensor calculates the pressure of a fluid. The sensor measures the pressure at two different velocities, while sustaining the fluid density. In most differential stress circulate sensors, a single pressure sensing node (such as a Pitot tube) is located on the fringe of the fluid move path. A change in nozzle or orifice diameter accelerates the fluid and measures it once more at a higher velocity. Once digital pressure gauge has determined the strain difference, we can use Bernoulli’s equation to find the fluid velocity. Finally, we can use that fluid velocity to determine the total flow rate by way of the pipe.
This process requires controlling several variables to precisely calculate the rate of the fluid. Therefore, differential stress primarily based move sensors are usually elements that “interrupt” the pipeline quite than adapt to the present pipeline. Several several varieties of sensors use differential stress methods, corresponding to
Venturi tube
Rotor move meters
Orifice plates
Pitot tube arrays
All of those sensors are available with varying levels of accuracy and system stress loss. Due to their performance and versatility, differential strain move sensors are the most popular type of flow sensor.
Thermal mass flow sensors
Typically used in gaseous, low-flow, high-precision functions, such as semiconductor manufacturing, thermal mass circulate sensors use the thermal properties of a fluid to measure the flow through a system. Thermal mass flow systems have certainly one of two basic configurations, however both rely on the tendency of the fluid to soak up thermal vitality and measure the power in the fluid. The following is a brief guide to those two configurations.
Method 1: The heating factor and the heat sensing component work collectively to measure the vitality absorbed by the fluid because it flows via the heating factor and the warmth sensor. First, the fluid absorbs power from the heating factor. Next, the sensor measures the fluid to determine how much vitality it has absorbed.
Method 2: A single heating element works to keep the temperature at a set level. As the fluid absorbs energy, it cools the heating factor, which requires extra vitality within the system to take care of the temperature. We calculate the mass circulate fee by determining the amount of vitality used by the heating factor to maintain up itself at a constant temperature.
In each strategies, the velocity of the fluid is directly related to how a lot power it can absorb. The slower the fluid flows, the longer it takes for energy to be transferred from the heating element to the fluid. The quicker it flows, the less time it takes to be absorbed by the fluid. A key element of thermal mass flow sensors is that they must be calibrated for the particular fluid within the thermal mass move system. Thermal mass move sensors are fine-tuned to help totally different levels of fuel purity, such as pharmaceutical grade nitrogen versus industrial manufacturing grade nitrogen. When properly calibrated, these sensors can be extremely accurate and dependable, which is why they’re so well-liked in manufacturing environments.
Contact flow sensors
Eddy current sensors and mechanical circulate sensors are the frequent contact flow sensors are. An eddy present sensor consists of a small latch (called a “buffer”) that bends forwards and backwards when involved with a flowing liquid or gas. The pressure difference (i.e., eddy current) created by the latch is measured to determine the move price. Mechanical circulate sensors use a propeller that rotates at a speed proportional to the move fee. Mechanical flow sensors may additionally be controlled to extend or decrease the circulate fee.
Non-contact move sensors
Ultrasonic flow sensors are the preferred non-contact move sensors. Ultrasonic move sensors ship excessive frequency sound pulses by way of a flowing liquid or gaseous medium. These sensors measure the time between the sound emission and its contact with the sensor receiver to discover out the flow fee of the fuel or liquid.
Flow sensor purposes
There are a wide selection of flow sensors available to fulfill niche wants and applications. The most typical parameters that have an effect on the sort of flow sensor you need are
Volume range of the flow sensor
Material
Pressure
Required accuracy
Flow sensors are the right software to help you perceive and management the mechanical or chemical subsystems in your application. Contact Apure to learn extra about expertise and product functions.
Extended reading:
Useful details about flow models
Relation between move and stress
Ultrasonic move meter working principle
Select the right water circulate meter